EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR-CYTOPLASMATIC INTERACTIONS DURING WIDE HYBRIDIZATION OF PLANTS

Original title

ЭФФЕКТЫ ЯДЕРНО-ЦИТОПЛАЗМАТИЧЕСКИХ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЙ ПРИ ОТДАЛЕННОЙ ГИБРИДИЗАЦИИ РАСТЕНИЙ

Authors

L.A. Pershina, N.V.Trubacheeva

Contact information

Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.

Pages

89-91

DOI

10.31255/978-5-94797-318-1-89-91

Abstract

Coordinated interactions between nuclear and organellar genomes are defined as "nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions", and in the event of their violation, nuclear-cytoplasmic conflicts arise. The success of obtaining of wide hybrids, their viability and ability to restore fertility is largely determined by the effects of nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions associated with the direction of crosses. Nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions are considered as one of the mechanisms of incompatibility in wide hybridization, which makes a significant contribution to the formation of angiospermous plants, and also provides gene transfer between species, expanding their potential for adaptation. In the experimental conditions, wide crosses are widely used to obtain new genotypes of cultivated plants in order to increase genetic diversity. Reciprocal hybrids and alloplasmic lines that combine a cytoplasm of one species and the nuclear genome of another are considered as models for the study of nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions. The degree of nuclear-cytoplasmic conflict or nuclear-cytoplasmic compatibility depends on the phylogenetic relationships of species combining the nuclear genome and the cytoplasm, the nuclear background, and the conditions for growing plants. The main role belongs to the action of nuclear genes controlling the restoration of fertility in the alien cytoplasm (Rf-genes), and determining nuclear-cytoplasmic compatibility (scs-genes). On the example of allo-lines (H.vulgare)-T.aestivum, obtained in our works as a result of backcrossing of barley-wheat hybrids with common wheat, we found wheat cultivars of sterile fixing and fertility restorers of T.aestivum on the cytoplasm of cultivated barley, as well as individual chromosomes of wheat carrying genes that restore fertility. In addition, it has been shown that alloplasmic lines are not the result of a simple combination of a nuclear genome of one species, and a cytoplasm of another. In the process of development of alloplasmic lines, the nuclear-cytoplasmic co-adaptation process occurs, associated with the structural and functional variability of the nuclear and organelle genomes.